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1. Slavery in Africa differed from slavery as it developed in the Americas in that
A) women and children were not enslaved.
B) only complete families were enslaved.
C) enslavement lasted only seven years.
D) slaves could move up in society and out of slavery

2. Which of the following best describes the Northwest Passage?
A) John Cabot’s sailing across the Atlantic Ocean from England
B) Ferdinand Magellan’s circumnavigating the world
C) water route across North America
D) the Puritans’ route from England to Massachusetts

3. England prized its North American colonies because
A) they provided England with natural resources of gold and silver.
B) they provided soldiers for the British Army to fight in European wars.
C) they supplied England with food and raw materials and bought English goods.
D) they manufactured goods for England.

4. What was a major advantage of the American colonists in the Revolutionary War?
A) fighting on their own territory
B) poorly supplied British forces
C) an effective fighting force
D) Native American allies

5. Some anti-Federalists agreed to support the Constitution after the Federalists added the
A) separation of powers.
B) Bill of Rights.
C) Preamble.
D) system of checks and balances

6. Which was a provision of the Missouri Compromise of 1820?
A) Missouri and Maine were denied statehood.
B) Free states could never outnumber slave states.
C) Slavery could not spread to any western lands.
D) All states north of 36º 30′ N latitude would be free states.

7. Steam power and canal building were important because they
A) allowed farmers to ship their goods to markets around the country.
B) caused a decline in the demand for slave labor.
C) discouraged the settlement of western regions.
D) increased the cost of transportation and communication.

8. The Monroe Doctrine stated that
A) European countries must give up their colonies in the Western Hemisphere.
B) the United States was free to take sides in European wars.
C) Europe must control all nations in the Western Hemisphere.
D) further European colonization in the Western Hemsiphere was prohibited.

9. All abolitionists agreed about
A) the importance of women’s participation.
B) the need to work within the political system.
C) what tactics to use in their struggle.
D) the need to end slavery.

10. The Civil War began with the
A) secession of South Carolina.
B) illegal formation of the Confederate States of America.
C) attack on Lawrence, Kansas, a center of free-soiler activity.
D) Confederate attack on Fort Sumter.

11. Which of the following was a strategy of the Confederate government?
A) blockading the North’s Atlantic coast
B) attacking the North by way of the Mississippi River
C) seeking support from Britain and France
D) limiting the upper draft age to 35

12. In their Reconstruction policies, both President Lincoln and President Johnson insisted upon
A) sworn statements of allegiance from a majority of citizens.
B) immediate elections in all Southern states.
C) acceptance of federal policy on slavery.
D) a fair redistribution of land.

13. The goal of the Sherman Antitrust Act was to
A) encourage industries to form cartels.
B) promote fair industrial competition.
C) place higher taxes on business profits.
D) encourage the growth of business monopolies.

14. The expansion of American industry was sparked mainly by
A) public welfare programs.
B) technological advances and financial investments.
C) a decline in productivity in Europe.
D) government involvement in the economy.

15. Which one of the following did the Populists support?
A) the Turner thesis
B) a progressive income tax
C) staying on the gold standard
D) private ownership of communications and transportation systems

16. What reason was given by settlers as to why they had a greater right to western lands than the Native Americans?
A) The government already owned all the land of the West.
B) The Native Americans did not want the land.
C) Settlers produced more food and wealth than Native Americans.
D) Native Americans had already agreed to give away their lands.

17. Which of the following was a major result of both immigration and the increased productivity of factory jobs in the late 1800s?
A) the rapid expansion of urban areas
B) mechanization of agriculture
C) high wages for factory workers
D) overpopulation of the South

18. Why did many immigrants support city political machines?
A) Political machines were free of corruption.
B) Political machines provided them with jobs.
C) Political machines put powerful “bosses” out of business.
D) Political machines fought against crime in the slums.

19. In the case of Plessy v. Ferguson, the Supreme Court
A) declared segregation unconstitutional.
B) established the “separate-but-equal” doctrine, upholding segregation.
C) ordered public school

Can a PO change the terms of probation set forth by a court in Massachusetts simply on a whim of her own? I am on probation for a DUI, have completed 14 of 24 months without any violations, and was ordered by the judge to see my PO once every 30 days, yet, due to a personality clash only, the PO has been yanking my chain by having me now appear before her every 2 or three weeks depending on her mood. It is a three hour round trip by bus and foot to visit her in another county and I have already lost out on one job opportunity due to her erratic and ever changing scheduling of our meetings. She’s a PO from hell. Pure evil. Help!
The order of “once every 30 days” was hand-written by the judge on the form that was given to me at the time I pleaded guilty. And, to the other poster, no, I am not looking for anyone’s sympathy. Just want some clarification of the law. Thanks all!

I live in Oklahoma, and need a fresh start. I am open to ANYWHERE, though I have family only in Oklahoma, Maine, and Massachusetts. I prefer colder weather, but it’s not a must. Some coast would be nice, I miss the beach. I consider myself an intellectual, so the place must have museums, culture, intelligent poeple, etc. I need somewhere with lots of available jobs and with a lower cost of living. I am open to ANYWHERE.

Thanks
Oh, I have friends that have moved to cali and they all work miserable temp jobs while living in shacks and starving. Id like to one day if I can afford it, but I cannot.

Philadelphia is one of the worst cities I have ever been to. The streets and the people are dirty, it just all around sucks, sorry. Oh, and Im a pats/sox fan, so yeah, how did tthe whole T.O. thing turn out for you guys?

I have quiet the proble I am hoping that someone on here can help me. I work full time Tuesday – Saturday 630am-330pm and I babysit part time M-Friday 445pm-7pm. I want to attend college, but there are not many courses offered when I am available. I work two jobs because I have to help my parents out. What should I do? Should I take a few courses online ( even though I **** online courses) at the community college I applied to? I live in Massachusetts, and there are not many that offer weekend college for the degree I want.

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Flu vaccine may not provide enough protection
Officials question influenza shot as number of U.S. flu cases increase
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Late-peaking flu season predicted
Feb. 8: Despite a mild flu season January, the recent spate of flu cases has forced schools to shut down and put nursing homes in lockdown. NBC’s Robert Bazelll reports.
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updated 6:34 p.m. CT, Fri., Feb. 8, 2008
WASHINGTON – The influenza vaccine given to Americans may not protect as well as expected, U.S. health officials said on Friday as the number of flu cases increased nationwide.

The U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention said slightly more than half of the influenza virus strains reported to its surveillance system are not good matches against the strains included in this flu season’s vaccine.

The number of states reporting widespread flu activity jumped to 31 this week compared with 11 a week ago, the CDC said. But Dr. Joe Bresee of the CDC’s influenza division said there are no indications this flu season is worse than usual.

Story continues below ↓
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“Seasonal flu activity was slow to start this year but has increased sharply in recent weeks,” Bresee told reporters.

One measure officials use to gauge the severity of the season is the number of flu-related child deaths. Bresee said the CDC has heard of six U.S. children who have died from the flu, a relatively low number compared with recent years.

Flu viruses mutate and change all the time, so every year a different vaccine is created as officials predict which particular strains will circulate.

The vaccine is designed to protect against three influenza strains — two from Type A, an H1N1 and an H3N2 version, and one for Type B.

Bresee said about 30 percent of the overall strains of influenza in the United States may be a Type A strain that emerged in Australia called H3N2 A/Brisbane. It emerged too late to be included in the flu vaccine offered in the United States beginning in September and October.

The Type B strain chosen for this year’s vaccine also was not a good match for most of the B virus strains seen in the United States this flu season, Bresee said.

“While a less-than-ideal virus match between the viruses in the vaccine and those circulating viruses can reduce vaccine effectiveness, we know from past influenza studies that the vaccine can still protect enough to make illness milder or prevent flu-related complications,” Bresee said.

Click for related content
Flu season in full swing
Flu in U.S., Canada shows drug resistance
Under-the-tongue vaccine could help lick the flu

Bresee noted that decisions on the composition of the annual vaccine are made about nine months before it is made available to the public in the fall, and it is sometimes hard to know that far in advance which strains will circulate.

Flu vaccines take months to make.

Bresee also said some resistance is being reported to the antiviral drug Tamiflu, made by Switzerland’s Roche Holding AG and Gilead Sciences Inc of the United States. Of the viruses tested in CDC flu labs, 4.5 percent are resistant to the drug, Bresee said.

Influenza kills an estimated 36,000 Americans in an average year, and puts 200,000 into the hospital, the CDC said.

Copyright 2008 Reuters. Click for restrictions.
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I HAVE A RED SOX 2008 GAME SCHEDULE.IT INCLUDES TIMES AND CABLE CHANNELS TO WATCH GAMES INCLUDING SPRING TRAINING GAMES.WHEN I TRY TO WATCH THEM ON ESPN OR NESN THEY ARE NOT ON LIKE THE SCHEDULE SAYS. PAID PROGRAMMING IS ON AT 1:05.PM. INSTEAD. WHY? I NEED HELP. LIVE IN MASSACHUSETTS ZIP CODE 01013

URGENT!! THIS IS LONG BUT READ IF YOU CAN GIVE ME ADVICE: HOW TO DEAL WITH DEPRESSION AND BOYFRIENDS PARENTS WHO WONT ACKNOWLEDGE IT…

My boyfriend and I have dated for the last four year, He is 25 now and I am 24. We bought a house in Massachusetts together and have lived together for about 2 1/2 years now. We have 2 dogs and are planning on getting married. We are extremely healthy and practical young adults and we are doing out best to make it independently in this world without having to fail or move back in with our parents. The stress is heavy but our bills are still getting paid and food is always on our table. After over a year of being efficient in living on our own, The past four months my boyfriend has dropped into a stage of being overwhelmed and depressed. He has begun going to see a therapist because he started to lash out on me personally and have these breakdowns where he got really angry and unreasonable. With winter coming he has gotten to the lowest point I have ever seen him. His attitudes are unpredictable and he says some pretty rotten things to me I never thought he’d say. Very manic, very uneven.
His mother is very depressed, his parents have been wanting to divorce for years but his siblings are still teenagers and so they stay together. His family are in no way emotionally efficient. They don’t talk about problems, they bottle them all up. He has been going home after work to do odd jobs for his parents every day after work and not coming straight home from work like he used to. He always “stops in” to check on them or to pick something up or drop something off. I understand his need for seeing his family regularly but they don’t help him with his serious depression. He has expressed to me he has suicidal thoughts and they pretend everything is just the same. His dad won’t even acknowledge he is in therapy. HIS FAMILY DOES NOTHING TO HELP HIM.

I have to deal with the manic attitudes, and the depression, and the complaining about the shadows cast over life, while his family gets to not have to face it. I have to bear the brunt of his depression. This has caused a divide divide between his family and I. I feel they aren’t trying to help him out of this rough period. They pretend he isn’t sad and depressed and everything is okay, they pretend not to hear when he comments about therapy or depression.

How do I act around his family. Can I express to his parents how disappointed I am with them at their lack of support for their suffering son, what do I do about being so angry and resentful that I am the only one who has to deal with this depressed man? Where are the boundaries?

Since his family tends to clam up when faced with real issues of importance or of heavy emotion how should I approach this. Is writing a letter to them rude And cold or is is appropriate and discrete? I don’t want to cause more stree for bf by creating and argument between me and them.
I want to make a big note that I lived with his family, in his families inlaw apt. with him for one year so we are close to them.

Also, he has not tried suicide, he has not told me directly wants to kill himself, he just speaks about it like it’s a feeling of hopelessness and sadness that he has and he feels close to the line of just depression and suicidal… thank god. But then again look at what he comes from, he could be withholding from me a lot.

I qualify for cavalry scout but my recruiter said it didnt come up in list of jobs for me.It happend to me with regular army, but now its happing to me with the National Guard.I know theirs CAV units here i got a friend in the scouts and its the Massachusetts guard if that makes a differance.So whats going on?

I plan to move to Charleston, SC From Massachusetts but i need to know that i can get a quick job there first to move.
I’m search for a job in Certified Nursing Assistant.
In Massachusetts i just finish my technician college and i took the state test for CNA and i passed { I have my license for CNA but no experience yet } Basically is there any place that will hire me in these conditions, i plan to move to Charleston by July..If so please state them n please feel free to offer advice. Please&Thank you..God Bless

Illegal work force can generate taxes but also has costs
Opponents: Cheap labor is no bargain
http://www.telegram.com/article/20090705/NEWS/907050397/1052
By Paula J. Owen CORRESPONDENT
LEOMINSTER — It seems incongruous to some that immigrants living illegally in this country can get work permits, find jobs and even pay taxes without being deported.

Bob Dane, spokesman for the Washington, D.C.-based Federation for American Immigration Reform, said the problem is unscrupulous employers who provide illegal immigrants with jobs.

“Cheap labor isn’t a bargain,” he said. “Employers’ costs are transferred to Americans. In Massachusetts, $580 million is spent annually to subsidize immigration.”

FAIR estimates there are 11.6 million illegal immigrants in the United States. The organization doesn’t align itself with the camp that contends mass deportation of 12 million illegal immigrants is the answer, but it doesn’t believe mass amnesty makes much sense, either. More border patrol agents and interior enforcement are needed, Mr. Dane said, along with increasing document verification — “so we know who is who.”

“For all we know, 20 people could be using your Social Security number right now,” he said.

Even when an immigrant pays taxes, it costs Americans more than the immigrant contributes into the system, according to Mr. Dane.

“We’re not soft-hearted on illegals if they pay taxes,” he said. “It’s a down payment on the enormous cost they have on the U.S.”

The largest cost of illegals is K-12 education, totaling $28.6 billion annually, Mr. Dane said. Of that, $12 billion is spent annually to educate illegal alien students and the remainder is to educate U.S.-born children of illegal aliens, who are considered U.S. citizens.

Alicia J. Alvez of Leominster came to the United States illegally 20 years ago. Like many illegal immigrants, she pays taxes with a tax identification number that she obtained from the Internal Revenue Service.

Many illegal immigrants work two or three jobs to survive, Ms. Alvez said. “You have to work double because they pay you less.”

She, like many others, contends that the United States needs illegal immigrants. “We are a large part of the work force.”

But according to a report compiled by the Center for Immigration Studies, the number of unemployed Americans with a high school education or less — those who compete for employment with illegal immigrants — has increased significantly over the past 10 years.

Kirk A. Carter, an immigration lawyer at Fletcher, Tilton & Whipple in Worcester, said obtaining a TIN through the IRS is relatively easy for an illegal immigrant.

“Immigrants have been doing it for years,” he said. “They use a TIN number like a Social Security number. They pay millions, if not billions, of dollars that is taken from them and put into the Social Security retirement fund that they will never see any money from.”

Peggy Riley, an IRS media relations specialist, said TINs are not valid as IDs outside the tax system because they are strictly for tax processing. Strict standards for identification are not applied when issuing a TIN, she said, and a TIN does not change a person’s immigration status or right to work.

Mr. Dane criticized the IRS policy of not checking a person’s immigration status when issuing a TIN. “The IRS is a collection agency and they just want their money,” he said.

While resources are available for enforcing immigration work laws, he added, only employers are targeted and the illegal population remains largely untouched. “It sends the message it is OK to come and work as long as you don’t get caught,” he said. “Enforcement should target both supply and demand.”